Art Therapy Literature Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Workmanship Therapy Literature Review - Research Paper Example a cognizant level, the utilization of workmanship treatment standards permits the advisor to evaluate these feelings, emotions, mentalities and practices as needs be (Dryden et al. 1992). So as to execute the proposals of workmanship treatment, advisors are furnished with a few abilities and skill which grant them to set up a connection between the territories of craftsmanship and treatment to help the maker. The key capacities of craftsmanship specialists in any case, incorporate an exhaustive comprehension of the procedures that are engaged with workmanship. These capacities include skill in the domain of representative correspondence and the capacity to keep up a situation where patients have a sense of safety and ensured. This conviction that all is good urges them to pass on amazing sentiments and feelings that may stay shielded in a divergent circumstance (Dryden et al. 1992). Numerous people who have little information on the calculated and ideological premise of craftsmanship treatment frequently set up a solid connection between's the remedial components of workmanship, Dryden et al. (1992) diagram that these benchmarks don't assume a basic job in the accomplishment of the targets of craftsmanship treatment. Inside this model, the thought of craftsmanship rises above aesthetic intrigue and visual authority for it is the â€Å"†¦expression and buildup of oblivious sentiments that workmanship making induces are at the core of the helpful transaction† (Dryden et al. 1992, p. 4). Maybe, the meaning of workmanship treatment which genuinely reflects ongoing progressions in the field has been encircled by experts who have a place with the territory of work. Dryden et al. (1992) express that once saw as a precise procedure, workmanship treatment can be evaluated as a sort of treatment wherein patients are urged to make visual pictures, for example, artistic creations or portrayals. These pictures are made under the participation of a certified workmanship specialist who helps the externalization of those sentiments and feelings which would have been restrained regularly. The writing that has been basically

Dreaming About the American Dream Essay

Dreaming About the American Dream EssayAre you planning to take the American Dream Essay? If so, chances are you will have a certain question in mind. 'What is the American Dream Essay?' If you're not sure, the American Dream Essay is a type of essay that involves three essential elements; you, writing, and testing.Questions arise when you have a predetermined topic and do not know what type of essay to write. Some topics may be easier than others, but, regardless of your chosen topic, it will be very helpful to sit down and ask yourself a few questions. It is highly advised that you research each and every aspect of the American Dream Essay before you begin.Interests and talents are only some of the things you need to consider. Other things that you might consider are as follows: how much time do you have available for writing, is your writing ability a strong point, and if you have any writing experience or talent. It is likely you already have the time you need to create the Ameri can Dream Essay. But, if not, if you think you have some time, then it is best to start thinking about the topics you wish to write about.What is a good topic to begin with? This is a really tough question to answer. Do you know? Because, how good you feel about your passion will often determine if you end up writing an essay or not. There are a number of topics that you could choose from, but, before you begin, ask yourself the following questions.Would you love to go back to school in order to pursue your dream of a career in writing, in writing for magazines, or perhaps writing for an advertising agency? If so, is that something you've always wanted to do? Or, if not, would you like to make money by writing or maybe by both? A common question that people get asked is whether they should pursue a college degree in writing in order to be a professional writer or if they should pursue a degree in something else. To answer this question, ask yourself the following questions.Your pass ion will tell you if you'll love it or if you won't. If you would love to go back to school in order to work for a magazine and/or an advertising company, then there's a very good chance you'll love this job. It doesn't matter what you want to do, it will all boil down to how passionate you are about what you do.Before you actually begin writing your American Dream Essay, spend some time thinking about the topics you have chosen to write about. Now, start asking yourself the following questions. Do you have enough writing time available? Do you have the writing skill needed?The most important thing to remember is that if you are unsure about what potential essay topics you should write about, don't write about anything until you know exactly what you're going to be writing about. Being unsure of what topics to write about is okay, as long as you are absolutely certain that you have plenty of time to finish your essay. Start reading and studying online resources to find out what is c onsidered to be successful essay topics in order to avoid long waiting periods on assignment.

The Darkling Thrush Essay Example

The Darkling Thrush Essay Example The Darkling Thrush Paper The Darkling Thrush Paper In the sonnet The Darkling Thrush, nature has a dominatingly negative impact on the artist. It causes him to feel discouraged and disconnected. Towards the finish of the sonnet the writers mind-set lifts when he sees a matured thrush, delicate, skinny, and little, twittering. In the sonnet Neutral Tones nature is depicted in a negative manner, in any case, in this sonnet nature reflects how the artists relationship is flopping instead of impacts how he is feeling. In The Darkling Thrush the title starts to paint a negative picture. The word Darkling methods, covered in obscurity. Impartial Tones additionally alludes to shading in its title. The word Neutral suggests tastelessness and drab feelings. There is a connection between the two sonnets as the two hues are unappealing and are encircled by a dull negative emanation. All through the sonnet The Darkling Thrush there is a feeling of void, devastation and depression, this additionally applies to Neutral Tones. The writer utilizes loads of viable language to pass on this. In refrain one, Hardy discussions about how all humanity that spooky near/Had looked for their family unit fires. This improves the difference between the infertile outside and the warm and welcoming families. This additionally underlines his depression and separation contrasted with the remainder of humankind. The land is depicted as desolate when the writer makes reference to The tangled bine stems scored the sky like strings of broken lyres, The stems of climbing plants help the artist to remember strings of an old instrument. The way that the writer specifies that the lyres are broken, infers that there is no solid hence the land is unfilled and ruined. This successful analogy portrays how the artist is feeling. The artist utilizes regrettable deception to coordinate the desolate scene to how the writer feels. The breeze his passing regret urges the peruser to picture an unfilled scene where just the sound of the breeze is to be heard, whistling a burial service melody in grieving of the demise of nature. The writer utilizes a great deal of language related with death to pass on how his positive feelings and sentiments have kicked the bucket. Solid uses a successful broadened analogy utilizing the subject of death to pass on how his expectation has kicked the bucket: The antiquated beat of germ and birth Was contracted hard and dry, And each soul upon the earth Seemed fervourless as I. This similitude likewise adds to the devastation of the zone, the word beat alludes to life which for this situation is not a single where in sight, the land is dead. Solid uses a few instances of strict language. He looks at the scene to strict things to pass on his quest for confidence. He utilizes the word soul and evensong and caroling to depict various parts of the environmental factors. Towards the finish of the sonnet it becomes obvious that the writers temperament has lifted. The strict language improves the way that the artists state of mind has lifted and includes a cheerful note. Words, for example, satisfaction and delighted include a cheerful note. In verse one ice has a capital F and in refrain five Hope has a capital H this causes the perusers to notice the artists change of state of mind. In the sonnet Neutral Tones nature reflects how the writer is feeling. The artist depicts how the sun was white, just as chidden of God, this depicts the sun to be frail, in the sonnet The Darkling Thrush we additionally observe a powerless sun it is figuratively called, The debilitating eye of day. This shows how Hardys relationship with his accomplice like the sun, is feeble and falling flat. Like the sonnet The Darkling Thrush, Neutral Tones likewise has language related with death to pass on the way that his relationship is kicking the bucket. The word debris delineates how his relationship is allegorically going to wear out. The dismal winged creature depicts how the relationship was destined from the beginning and was encircled by an awful sign. This is a difference to The Darkling Thrush as the little winged creature in it carries happiness to the writer. In the sonnet Neutral Tones there are a few hues utilized all through the sonnet, according to the scene, for example, debris, dark and white, which are all dull and tasteless portraying how the artist feels about his relationship. In Neutral Tones the lake speaks to how the relationship is still, without waves and nothing streaming. The destitute turf, which is accentuated through similar sounding word usage, depicts how the relationship is gradually biting the dust, has no sustenance and is not, at this point productive. To close, the flying creature in the two sonnets is of incredible criticalness. The winged creature in The Darkling Thrush albeit so old and delicate makes them hidden favored Hope, which the artist doesnt have, yet yearns for. The writer passes on that a profound power is behind the winged animals caroling: So little reason for carollings Of such elated sound Was composed on earthly things Afar or near around, The flying creatures lovely singing stands out from its hopeless environmental factors. The feathered creature in Neutral Tones is a foreboding fledgling. Subsequently, this winged creature is a complexity to the thrush. Through utilization of powerful language the writer has passed on in the two sonnets how nature can both reflect and influence someones emotions.

Alice Paul and the Womens Suffrage Movement - Free Essay Example

Alice Paul was born on January 11, 1885 in Mount Laurel, New Jersey. She had died at the age of 92 on July 9, 1977. Her parents are William Mickle Paul I and Tacie Parry. She was the eldest of four siblings, Helen, Parry and William Paul raised into a wealthy Quaker family. Her Quaker roots were an underlying cause in her belief of equality between male and female. Her occupation is a suffragist.(a person advocating the extension of suffrage, especially to women.)Not many women have done a suffrage movement quite like that of Alice Paul. Alice and her siblings were raised with the principle that every individual carried equal weight. As well as her parents advocation of education for women, gender equality, and general reformation for society. Later, Alices father passed away while she was at the age of sixteen. The money he left to his family helped contribute to her schooling in a nearby Moorestown. She attended and graduated Swarthmore College founded by her grandfather with a degree in biology in 1905. Nextly, Alice studied at New York School of Philanthropy, presently Columbia University, graduating with a master arts degree in sociology in 1907. Following her graduation she took to study abroad in England. Once returning home, Alice earned her PHD at the University of Pennsylvania in 1910. However her schooling may be impressive, while Alice Paul studied abroad in England from 1906 to 1909 did she start in the womens suffrage movement begin. Paul became deeply involved in the British womens suffrage movement. She became a frequent member of marches and rallies, as well becoming involved with the Womens Social and Political Union or for shorter terms, the WSPU. Thus, began Alice Pauls fascination and beginning to a long-running dedication to the womens suffrage movement. She began humbly, selling suffragist magazines on street corners. However, was faced with heavy opposition to her cause. This along with teachings of many female influencers, began Pauls perspective on the movement of her cause. Asking politely for basic human rights was not only a crime of indecency, but would be a fruitless effort nonetheless. A critical event in Alices timeline was meeting Lucy Barns, a fellow womens suffragist from America as well. Lucy Barns would later become an influential figure in the movement, alongside Alice Paul to plan peaceful rallies in the name of the WSPU. In effect, Alice Paul and Lucy Barnes became rising members in the organization with the advantage of a fighting spirit, wits, and extreme dedication to the cause. On the way, other names emerged. Such as mother and daughter pairing Christabel and Emmeline Pankhurst. Often this duo used violent means to achieve their point in the womens suffrage movement, who led in many militant suffrage movements. Later in the future of the movement, Emmeline and Christabel planned to spread the movement in the direction of Scotland with Lucy and Alice to accompany them. The next event planned by the Womens Social and Political Union was to protest a speech given by the current Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sir Edward Grey, an influential figure in the battle to win womens right to vote. Sir Edward Greys campaign consisted of his plans to propose to legislation. Alice Paul disrupted his speech, speaking with her concerns for equality and legislation for women. Alice Pauls outbreak marked the first of numerous arrests in her career. Alice was imprisoned due to her disruption of the Ministers speech, however she took comfort in both the fact that she now had the vote of sympathy on her side as well as solace in the knowledge her movement was taking impact to the general populace. After her release, Paul stood above to address the people and was regarded as a symbol for women. She was force to return to the streets and was arrested once more, again winning the vote from the people. Pauls first two arrests were only stepping stones to even more elaborate and crafty efforts to raise more and more attention to womens suffrage. Alice Paul and fellow suffragist, Amelia Brown, planned a WSPU response to the mayors banquet on November 9, 1909. The pair, disguised as domestic staff, entered the building and took their stand, smashing glass and crying their decrees. Again, Alice Paul was arrested with her Amelia Brown. The women waived their rights to pay the release fine and remained under intensive labor for one month for the damages incurred on the house. In total, Alice Paul was arrested seven, but only imprisoned three afterwards. Even if locked away, Pauls extreme determination was not marred. She proceeded with her efforts in hunger striking. Paul had gathered quite the reputation of a civil anarchist and quite the disobedient citizen. However, hunger-striking, undergone by suffragists, was often met with force-feeding and tactics of the such. Blooming from this mistreatment, was additional coverage from the press and again, sympathy and attention from citizens. A severe negative brought forth from consecutive hunger strikes was Alice Pauls contraction of gastritis, an inflammation in the lining of the stomach. This left a permanent effect on Alice Pauls extended health. With all her ordeals, struggles, and many arrests in London, Alice Paul was finally set to return home to the United States with her friend Lucy Barns, and expand their movement to the States. However, as she returned to her home after three years in Britain, she was armoured with newly-learned tactics from WSPU and its members. One commonly used practice was the organized gathering of masses to a political event. As Lucy Barns and Alice Paul left behind the Womens Social and Political Union in England they adopted the NAWSA or the National American Womens Suffrage Association once they moved to Washington. As Paul was obviously dedicated to her cause, almost to the near point her very soul was bound to her movement, however there were stirs within party itself. Alice often clashed opinions with the head of NAWSA, Carrie Chapman Catt. Catt and Paul often disagreed on methods to attain suffrage. As previously stated, Alice Paul often took to a more visible and tangible approach to make her voice heard. Even though, she has disagreed with here and there, her riveting experiences in England spread well. Again, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns were seen as a laughing stock by NAWSA due to her differing methodology and was eventually ex-communicated. Before so, Alice Paul made efforts to contribute to a bigger project, the Womens Suffrage Procession of 1913, just a day before hand of the inauguration of president Woodrow Wilson. Alice and the collective eight-thousand women like her drew together to influence the soon-to be presidents speech. There was significant opposition to the specific route the protest would be taken, but Alices first choice of route was followed. Sadly, this wasnt the first of complications to come. Police protection for protestors was lacking severely. Like many aspects of Alice Pauls life she found a silver lining to one of many grey clouds. As she was removed from the NAWSA. In a time when women were limited to the house and excluded from the outside world, Alice Paul and a group of women like her stood together in the name of sisterhood and womens right to vote. Alice Paul was outstanding. She fought through a long and tedious struggle of the womens suffrage movement and the blood, sweat, and tears poured into making it. Her influence is still alive and well into today. As voters line up to their respective ballots, women in particular, owe special homage to Alice Paul. To truly understand the triumph and tragedy of Alice Paul, one must go deeper into the earlier aspects of her life that lead and influence the political movement that opened the door to nineteenth amendment that equalized the voting ballots to all American constituents, regardless of sex. Alice Paul has not only changed the lives of Women in her time but in mine to today. To this day women can vote and women are created equal to men. It is because of women like her that I will be able to vote next year. You have to be very brave to stand up for whats right instead of not doing anything for whats wrong. She had loads of people against her. All different types of people against her. I bet at time she felt a little intimidated by the people with the opposite opinion. She helped with the making the nineteenth amendment which prohibits sex discrimination. The 19th amendment is a great number one source! It made history, and changed the United states! It gave women a voice. It gave us a place. It ended protest. There were so many protest during this time and this helped stop them. Both senate and congress had to pass the vote. It made women more politically active. Women were working more on receiving better education have fewer children. She fought so hard with other women. With all the protest like the ones outside the white house protesting for a sentence in the constitution so that the right vote should not be denied by the US or state whether male or female. Womens suffrage poster of 1915 is also a number one source! The poster declares that if a women is responsible for taking care of her family, then she you have the right in politics to protect them. It say that the women is responsible for the cleanlyness of their home, wholeness of the food, the health of her children, and above all, is responsible for their morals, for their sense of truth, of honesty and decency, for what they turn out to be. Since women play such a big role they should at least have the right to vote. On the poster is says THE CITY can do itthe CITY GOVERNMENT that is elected BY THE PEOPLE, to take care of the interest of THE PEOPLE. and I just think that this is a very important point because it is saying if the people come together to vote and make an impact the city that they can make a difference for the interest of the people, which is the way it should be except every gender is allow to vote and that is what Alice Paul and other suffragist stood for. They talk about how women do not elect things men do. Therefore the women arent responsible for the unclean houses, and unhealthy children, men are! Men are responsible for the conditions at which the children live, but they hold the women responsible for the results of those conditions. Alice paul was amazingly brave women! She had to go through so much hatred by challenging people every day until august 18, 1920. I could have only imagine how challenging the suffragist life was back when women werent created equal. I also wonder how great it would have felt to have taken part of this movement and created history. With the topic triumph and tragedy I think this topic fits very well because she had gone through some and times before women were equal and after she had a bunch of success. I mean not everyone gets to add something to the constitution. Its a big deal. As a women now I appreciate women like her because we could be still not equal if she hadnt stuck up for women.

The Doctrine Of The Bible - 1596 Words

Liberal is a word whose meaning has multiple connotations. For many the word is synonymous with freedom and open-mindedness. For others, it refers to people and ideas that lack practicality and discipline. When the Puritans came to America in 1630, their leader John Winthrop told them to be liberal in spirit in a way that was like the prophet Nehemiah’s urgings and Matthew’s teachings of kindness. However, he also reminded his followers to balance benevolent generosity for strangers with prudent care for their families. He felt that kindness and liberality to the poor was the best way to show God’s love and grace. Winthrop felt that the Puritans should be willing to give up their desires to help provide the poor with the things that they needed. This is because materialism was thought to be counterproductive to the teachings of the Bible. The Bible teaches that one should have no god but God and that if a person focused too much on obtaining profit and materialis tic pleasures they would perish. Since this period there has been a struggle in America to balance concern for oneself and one’s family with that of the community. The problem with Liberalism is that it only applies to those who can exercise those freedoms. Consequently, this can only occur when one separates oneself from the community. However, the idea and fantasy of a person exercising their rights to liberalism outside of the law is not something that is based on the foundation of America. The world of JohnShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of The Bible925 Words   |  4 PagesWhether the Bible provides us with such a absolute moral standards? If the Bible is implied from God, and its centerpiece is about human sin and God s salvation, which is not difficult to imagine must contain or through a set of absolute moral standards. Bible sin of the word means arrow not in. According to John 5:17 Day says, All unrighteousness is sin. Can see, the crime is a deviation from righteousness. That what, what is it justice? Bible distinguish two kinds of meaning, that is,Read MoreBible Doctrine719 Words   |  3 PagesTHEO 104 Reading Question Answer Sheet Week 6 I. Christianity is a Practical Religion Student Answer Column Instructions to Student: Write your answers in this column. They will be in blue. The cell will expand as you type. What Christianity is All About (textbook): Chapter 10 1. What is the relationship to works and salvation? Salvation is by grace through faith and good works are a result of a relationship with Christ. A faith without works is not genuine. 2. Why do ChristiansRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Creation Across The Bible992 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact many other doctrines; the doctrine of ‘creatio ex nihilo’ is one of these. 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Despite Basilides being an ascetic, we do know that he did haveRead MoreEssay about Bibliology1053 Words   |  5 Pageseverything concerning the Bible. God reveals Himself, His ultimate plan for us (salvation), and His will to us through His Word. Psalms tells us that the Word of God is to be lamp unto our feet and a light unto our path. Psalms also tells us to hide His word in our heart. We speak to God through prayer, but He speaks to us through the Scriptures. The importance of this book cannot be stressed enough; we literally have a love letter, written by Almighty God, just for us. The Bible can help in any situationRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Trinity1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe doctrine of the Trinity can be defined as the introduction to the Christian faith. For a number of years, special attention to the doctrine of the Trinity has been given by the educational theologians. 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Sole AuthorityRead More Christianity and Liberalism by Gresham Machen-Machen Essay1738 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough the six fundamental and central teachings of Christianity that are God, humanity, the Bible, Christ, salvation and the Church and he compares them with corresponding teachings of liberalism. The core of Machen’s argument was â€Å"that liberalism is totally different from Christianity, for the foundation is different.† (PAGE 67) Doctrine The foundation of Christianity is doctrine. Machen described doctrine as â€Å"the setting forth of the event with the meaning of the event.† (PAGE 25) ChristianityRead MoreWhat Is Christian Doctrine?938 Words   |  4 PagesChristian doctrine? Christian doctrine tells us the truth about God, ourselves, and our world. Doctrine means teaching or instruction. 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Global Warming And Its Effects On Global Climate Change

Global Warming was first measured in the 1930s, but it was assumed that the CO2 would be absorbed by the ocean without an harm, so it was not taken as a problem. Climate change is a prominent issue that has been debated on for quite a few decades. According to wikipedia, â€Å"climate change is a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.† In this essay, I am going to map out how copious amounts of energy consumption leads to climate change. The role of energy usage towards increasing or decreasing the rate of change in climate and causing global warming†¦show more content†¦Not only this, the immune system is highly susceptible to UV rays. Difficulty in breathing and other respiratory problems are other issues caused by it. It also results in habitat loss and also obstructs the development and reproduction of various creatures including marine organisms. Due to slow and gradual depletion of the existing ozone layer and increase in greenhouse gases, the temperature of the earth in rising. According to Quora, â€Å"Global Warming was recognized as a phenomenon in 1917, and as a threat in 1957. After the industrial revolution in the 20th Century, this rate of increase in greenhouse gases such as CO2 has risen.† Now, research has shown that absorption of CO2 in the oceans has increased the acidity of the water in the ocean which has caused calcification of the aquatic organisms which hinders their reproduction. According to UNFCCC as cited in IEA (2010), 80% of the total greenhouse gases are emitted through energy consumption. The amount of carbon emitted from fossil fuels has been increasing rapidly since the late 1900s.According to the charts above, the CO2 emissions increased by about 90%.Industrial revolution being one of the major contributing factors, about 78% of the total greenhouse gas emissions increase from 1970 to 2011.as the population is increasing exponentially, the demand for energy is also increasing. Use of coal is accounted for 43% of the global CO2 emissions due to its heavy carbon content per unitShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effect On Climate Change Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe global warming is a controversial and debated topic, but it is no surprise to most people. When we think about our future, we only think about our personal life effects and benefits. Global warming is also an important and troubling situation going on the planet earth. Changes i n climate can be resulted from both human activities and natural. 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The earth is getting warmer, and this means that soon, glaciers will start to disappear. While the earth naturally producesRead MoreThe Long Term Effects Of Global Warming And Climate Change878 Words   |  4 Pageseffecting mankind. Everything from racism, to world poverty, and even radicalize terrorism just to name a few. But outside of the scientific world, many of us fail to understand the long-term effects that glo bal warming and climate change could have on us throughout the world. After observing the 2015 Paris Climate Conference, I truly did not take into account personally, how important this whole concept is. But after taking this class and researching further and further into the topic, I now understand

The Psychological Affects Of The Holocaust Essay Example For Students

The Psychological Affects Of The Holocaust Essay The Holocaust was a tragic point in history which many peoplebelieve never happened. Others who survived it thought it shouldnever have been. Not only did this affect the people who livedthrough it, it also affected everyone who was connected to thosefortunate individuals who survived. The survivors were lucky tohave made it but there are times when their memories and flashbackshave made them wish they were the ones who died instead of livingwith the horrible aftermath. The psychological effects of theHolocaust on people from different parts such as survivors ofIsrael and survivors of the ghettos and camps vary in some ways yetin others are profoundly similar. The vast number of prisoners ofvarious nationalities and religions in the camps made suchdifferences inevitable. Many contrasting opinions have beenpublished about the victims and survivors of the holocaust based onthe writers different cultural backrounds, personal experiencesand intelectual traditions. Therefore, the opinions of the authorsof such books and entries of human behavior and survival in theconcentration camps in Nazi-occupied Europe are very diverse. The Survivors of the Holocaust: General SurveyBecause the traumatization of the Holocaust was bothindividual and collective, most individuals made efforts to createa new family to replace the nuclear family that had been lost. In order for the victims to resist dehumanization and regressionand to find support, the members of such groups shared storiesabout the past, fantasies of the future and joint prayers as wellas poetry and expressions of personal and general human aspirationsfor hope and love. Imagination was an important means ofliberation from the frustrating reality by opening an outlet forthe formulation of plans for the distant future, and by spurring toimmediate actions. Looking at the history of the Jewish survivors, from thebeginning of the Nazi occupation until the liquidation of theghettos shows that there are common features and simmilarpsychophysiological patterns in their responses to thepersecutions. The survivors often experienced several phases ofpsychosocial response, including attempts to actively master thetraumatic situation, cohesive affiliative actions with intenseemotional links, and finally, passive compliance with thepersecutors. These phases must be understood as the development ofspecial mechanisms to cope with the tensions and dangers of thesurrounding horrifying reality of the Holocaust. There were many speculations that survivors of the Holocaustsuffered from a static concentration camp syndrome. These theorieswere proved to have not been valid by research that was doneimmediately after liberation. Clinical and theoretical researchfocused more on psychopathology than on the question of coping andthe development of specific adaptive mechanisms during theHolocaust and after. The descriptions of the survivors syndrome inthe late 1950s and 1960s created a new means of diagnosis inpsychology and the behavioral sciences, and has become a model thathas since served as a focal concept in examining the results ofcatastrophic stress situations. After more research was done, it was clear the adaptation andcoping mechanisms of the survivors was affected by the aspects oftheir childhood experiences, developmental histories, familyconstellations, and emotional family bonds. In the studies andresearch that were done, there were many questions that were askedof the subjects: What was the duration of the traumatization?,During the Holocaust, was the victim alone or with family andfriends?, Was he in a camp or hiding?, Did he use false Aryanpapers?, Was he a witness to mass murder in the ghetto or thecamp?, What were his support systems- family and friends- and whatsocial bonds did he have? These studies showed that theexperiences of those who were able to actively resist theoppression, whether in the underground or among the partisans, weredifferent in every way from the experiences of those who werevictims in extermination camps. When the survivors integrated back into society after the war,they found it very hard to adjust. It was made difficult by thefact that they often aroused ambivalent feelings of fear,avoidence, guilt, pity and anxiety. This might have been hard forthem, but decades after the Holocaust most of the survivors managedto rehabilitate their capacities and rejoin the paths their livesmight have taken prior to the Holocaust. This is more true for thepeople who experienced the Holocaust as children or young adults. Concert Attendance Report EssayMany survivors described themselves as incapable of livinglife to the fullest, often barely able to perform basic tasks. They felt that the war had changed them and they had lost theirmuch needed spark to life. Investigations show that the extremetraumatizations of the camps inflicted deep wounds that have healedvery slowly, and that more than 40 years later, the scars are stillpresent. There has shown to be clear differences between campvictims and statistically comparable Canadian Jews: the survivorsshow long term consequences of the Holocaust in the form ofpsychological stress, associated with heightened sensitivity toanti-semitism and persecution. The survivors, normal people before the Holocaust, wereexposed to situations of extreme stress and to psychictraumatization. Their reactions to inhuman treatment were normalbecause not to react to treatment of this kind would be abnormal. Survivors of IsraelThere were few studies done, following the Holocaust that weremade in Israel of the psychological effects of the Nazi persecutioneven though the number of survivors was high as time passed,research increased and in 1964, a comparison was made betweenHolocaust survivors now in Israel and non-Jewish Norwegians whoreturned to Norway after being deported to camps. The resultsshowed that the Jewish survivors suffered more from the totalisolation in the camps, from the danger of death, which was greaterfor Jews, and from survivor guilt, than did the Norwegians. Italso showed that most Israeli survivors were suffering fromsymptoms of the so called survivors syndrome, but were active andefficient, and often held important and responsible jobs and socialpositions. Another study, of Israeli Holocaust survivors in kibbutzim(collective settlements), revealed that survivors who could notmourn their losses immediately, after the war began mourning andworking through their grief when they adjusted to life in thekibbutz. The study also indicated that many Holocaust survivorshad a low threshold for emotional stress. This was brought outduring situations that reminded them of the Holocaust- especiallyduring the EICHMANN TRIAL, when they had to testify against Nazicriminals, and during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. These were thetimes when they suffered periods of depression and tension. Studies made in Israel more than 30 years after WWII did notshow significant differences in the extent of psychological damagebetween people who were in hiding during Nazi occupation and formerconcentration camp inmates. The only difference that was found wasthat the inmates experienced more pronounced emotional distressthan those who survived the occupation outside the camps. The research done on the elderly Holocaust survivors in Israelindicated that they encountered particular difficulties inabsorption because of the serious problems they had to overcome(loss of family and of the social and cultural backround they hadknown before the Holocaust). The community in Israel tried toprovide them with personal and professional care. Nevertheless, tothose survivors who immigrated to Israel when elderly it was moredifficult to adjust than the younger survivors. There was also a study done in the University PsychiatricHospital in Jerusalem 40 years after liberation. It revealed adifference between hospitalized depressive patients who had beeninmates of Nazi concentration camps and the match group of patientswho had not been persecuted. The camp survivors were morebelligerent, demanding, and regressive than the control group. Oddly enough their behavior may have helped their survival. Despite the many hardships and difficulties faced by thesurvivors in Israel, their general adjustment has beensatisfactory, both vocationally and socially. In the end it hasbeen more successful than that of Holocaust survivors in othercountries. When looking at it from a general point of view, thesurvivors, for the most part have shown to be as strong as humanlypossible. Not one person who hasnt seen what they saw canpossibly imagine how they feel. Many people are greatly affectedby things the survivors would consider menial. There is no otherway they are supposed to act. These people were lucky to havesurvived but there is no doubt that there have been times whentheir memories have made them think otherwise.

The Reconstruction Era Essays - Reconstruction Era, Andrew Johnson

The Reconstruction Era The Civil War was one of the bloodiest wars in American history. Its damage to America was profound. It tore at the very fiber of America itself. The Reconstruction Era however was as damaging to America as the Civil War itself. Its damage has its roots in the reasons America went to civil war. In the time leading up to the Civil War the south was unhappy so they decided to leave the Union. They thought it was okay to leave if they were unhappy, while the North thought it was wrong. So the two sides went to war. After all was said and done the North had won and now faced the difficult task of reincorporating the South in to the Union once again, as well as rebuilding the South after being torn apart by the war. It was widely believed that Reconstruction was successful, when in fact, as stated by Eric Foner, it was a complete failure. It changed very little in the South. After the Civil War, America was a nation in crisis. The crisis that was faced by all America tore deep in to everyday life. The crisis faced by Congress was what to do with the states that had left the Union. How should they be let in; should they be let in at all; what do they have to do in order to be readmitted in to the Union? These were some of the questions that came before congress along with how they could keep the rebel leaders out of power to prevent this from happening again. If the Confederate leaders were to be left alone would they try to rebel once again? Another problem faced by America was the fact that Abraham Lincoln was dead and now Andrew Johnson was President. Neither the North nor the South liked him. His policies on Reconstruction upset so many that Congress attempted to impeach him, falling short by one vote on the necessary 2/3 of Congress needed to impeach a president. Johnson was a Southerner who was in office when the war broke out, got caught going against the South. This immediately alienated him from the South, while during Reconstruction Johnson pardoned many of the Confederate leaders Congress desired to punish. That alienated him from the North. Of course the big problems of Reconstruction were that the North and South were at odds against each other. They did not like one another nor did they care about what happened to the other side. Actually the North had an interest in seeing the South become more industrial like the North. With that there was the problem of the freedmen, the Southerners did not see them as part of society and treated them as such. In the beginning of Reconstruction, the blacks were able to take part in government and even hold office, but due to the failings of Johnson's Reconstruction policy, the plantation owners who were once in control before were now in power again. So in reality after a couple of years the South had not changed one bit. Black oppression continued after the war, with the passing of the 14th amendment blacks were to be given the right to vote. But the Southern whites found ways to rob the Freedmen out of their right to vote. The set up literacy tests and came up with Grandfather rules and things of that nature. They used any means necessary to prevent blacks from voting. The whites even separated schools and fountains and other public places. They even used fear to intimidate blacks in to submission; this is where the Ku Klux Klan came in. They were started as a southern fraternity that evolved in to a hate club, for lack of a better term. They sought to get rid of all that were not true southerners. They killed, beat, and tortured openly and willingly. They had political backing and in some towns even decided the outcome of elections. They were allowed to do all of their activities because they epitomized what Southerners at the time believed. They became popular because of the animosity displayed by each side. Reconstruction was an utter failure that caused many problems for America in the years that

Essay on Gen Xers values impact the leadership process at work

Essay on Gen Xers values impact the leadership process at work Essay on Gen Xers values impact the leadership process at work Essay on Gen Xers values impact the leadership process at workGen Xers have the system of values based on the ideals of the respect to human rights, the struggle against corruption, abuse, discrimination, injustice and protection of human dignity and individual freedom. On the other hand, Gen Xers are looking for stability, which they want to achieve by means of the respect of human dignity and human rights and creation of fair conditions for all employees and managers to prevent corruption or discrimination (Madsen Shafritz, 2010). The leadership process at work is apparently vulnerable to the impact of basic values of Gen Xers, who still comprise a large share of the total labor force in the labor market of the US as well as other countries.The respect to human rights and human dignity determines the focus of Gen Xers leadership process on the creation of fair and equal conditions for all that implies the elimination of glass ceilings and other barriers that may arise on the way o f individuals to the leadership (Hesselbein, Goldsmith, Beckhard, 2007). Gen Xers stand for the elimination of prejudiced attitude to the leadership and leaders. Instead, they stand for equal rights and opportunities for individuals to exercise their leadership skills and abilities. For example, the elimination of glass ceiling became possible, to a significant extent, due to Gen Xers, who stand for the right of women to get access to top positions in organizations.Therefore, leaders should also take into consideration the system of values of Gen Xers and develop respective policies that can help them to gain the support o fthier subordinates. In this regard, the development of transparent, democratic policies is the best strategy for the leader heading the team or organization consisting of Gen Xers mainly because such open and transparent environment matches expectations of Gen Xers to respect human rights and create fair conditions for all employees.At the same time, Gen Xers lo ok for stability and the leadership is also a part of their pursuit of stability in their life and work. In fact, the focus of Gen Xers on stability has a dubious effect on the leadership (Brown, 2003). On the one hand, they often tend to stick to their leaders, who have once brought them to success that make their leaders confident in their support. As a result, leaders can always rely on their subordinates as long as they are capable to match their system of values. On the other hand, such a strong inclination to stability among Gen Xers can lead to negative effects in the leadership and the organizational development (Dessler, 2004). Leaders, if they stand in power for a long time, can start losing their motivation and fail to catch up with the rapidly changing business environment but the support of their subordinates helps them to stay at the leading position. In such a situation, organizations may face the problem of the widening gap between the rigidness of the leadership and its inability to confront new challenges and make a breakthrough in the organizational development, on the one hand, and the urgent need of changes and new leadership, on the other, because Gen Xers are more likely to support the leader, whom they are accustomed to and confident in and, who, as they believe, can bring stability to their organization.Thus, leaders should match basic values of Gen Xers to lead them successfully.

IDENTIFY the challenges faced by HRD professionals in meeting the Essay

IDENTIFY the challenges faced by HRD professionals in meeting the needs of an intergenerational workforce (read full quesation attch on folder) - Essay Example acing the field of HDR include stiff competition in the global market, increased workforce diversity, the need to eliminate the skill gap associated with globalization, ethical issues and intergenerational issues in the workplace (Werner & DeSimone 2011). Intergenerational issues are perhaps some of the greatest challenges experienced by HRD professionals as organizations compete to recruit young innovative brains from the global job market. As business organizations increasingly compete in the global economy, many are introducing new technologies that require significant training and development of workers. Technological revolution has had significant implications on the attempts by HRD professionals to manage intergenerational needs in organizations. In order to emerge successful in the increasingly sophisticated market, companies have been compelled to hire highly qualified employees as well as providing knowledge and additional skills to match the changing market demands (McDonald 2008). Workforce diversity challenges require organizations to go beyond skill improvement to empowerment of employees to accommodate intergenerational differences in the workforce. HRD professionals in companies operating in developing countries from the developed countries face the challenge of dealing with skill gap associated with such nations. Workforce diversity has had significant implications for the HRD professionals including the need to address racial, ethnic, as well as cultural insensitivity and language differences (Reid, Barrington & Brown 2004). Buttressing the primary purpose of this study is the imminent workforce heterogeneity challenges facing HRD professionals amidst the increasing changes in the global environment. This essay entails identification of the various workforce intergenerational challenges facing HRD professional in different organizations. Age diversity in the workplace poses one of the greatest intergenerational challenges facing HRD

Koran Issues in Contemporary Middle Eastern History Essay

Koran Issues in Contemporary Middle Eastern History - Essay Example The followers of Judaism and Christianity viz. Jews and Christians are referred to in Islam as the ‘people of the book’ because they too were sent messengers with scriptures. Differences between the three lie mainly in which prophets are recognized or not, the accepted books, interpretations of faith and teachings and so on. The Jews and Arabs historically are cousins set apart by the brothers Ishac (Isac) (A.S.) and Ismail (Ishmail) (A.S.) respectively, both descendents of prophet Ibrahim (A.S.). Between Christianity and Islam the notable differences come down to the belief in the oneness of Allah versus the doctrine of trinity; that Jesus was a prophet like other prophets (Islamic view) or the son of God (orthodox Christian view), and so on. So, there is a very close relationship between Islam, Judaism and Christianity and a great scope for mutual understanding and learning. Christians especially are potentially closer to the Muslims â€Å"because amongst these are me n devoted to learning and men who have renounced the world and they are not arrogant†. (5:85) The true concept of jihad in Islam is a comprehensive and constant ‘struggle’, ‘effort’ or ‘striving’ on an individual level and against one’s ego (nafs). Its justification or purpose is purification of the soul In a limited sense and as popularly perceived in the West, it also means a collective ‘holy war’ against others especially infidels. It is therefore a collective obligation (fard al-kifayah) under certain circumstances. It should also be pointed out that jihad in this manner has certain conditions that must be met, also that the drive to engage in warfare is overridden by some conditions too. For example, in Surah Tauba (9:5-6) it appears that muslims are being enjoined to fight but this must cease if for instance, those who are being fought convert to Islam, observe prayer, or seek asylum and pay the

How effective are the strategies to end poverty Research Paper

How effective are the strategies to end poverty - Research Paper Example Extreme poverty is characterized by having less than $1 a day income; these are those who are unceasingly hungry and do not have access to acceptable living conditions. This is often described as the type of â€Å"poverty that kills.† While moderate poverty is described as those living in $1 or $2 a day, fundamental needs are met but scarcely and through tremendous effort. And relative poverty is a family with an income that is below the average nationally but is not within the same level as those in the middle income range (Sachs, 2005). Poverty estimates published in 2008 showed that approximately 1.4 billion of the entire population which equates to 1 in 4 in developing worlds is living on an income that is not even $1.25 in a day for the year 2005. This is an improvement in comparison to 1981 wherein 1.9 billion or 1 in 2 families are living under the same circumstances. This set boundaries for poverty line is based on 2005’s mean for the about 10-20 poorest countries. And the adjusted estimate which is higher than those previously conceived for the almost one billion getting by for $1 a day based on prices in 1993. This is seen to be an improvement towards the goal of cutting the poverty in half on the base point of year 1990 by the year 2015. Yet, poverty is seen as more persistent than estimated particularly in parts of Africa and other major factor’s lack of data that greatly affects the issue (â€Å"Understanding Poverty†). There is no single thing that is attributed as the general cause of poverty. There are a number of reasons that contribute to the generalization of the reasons for poverty. One is the absence of education which eventually hinders children from being able to acquire jobs that would provide suitable living. Children are needed to help their families and therefore take any possible job to be able to provide food on their tables in a daily basis. Next is health, body decline limits the amount of work that can be

Elie Weisel Night :: Essays Papers

Elie Weisel Night The advice the young polish prisoner gave seemed to be very sound advice. He told them that they needed to remember they were all in it together, and that they had to help each other out when they could. He also told them not to loss hope, they needed to have the faith to keep going everyday. This advice is good because as long as they still care for each other then when they are released they will still have their humanity. Also by helping each other they made the work easier for everyone. He tells a story of a young man and his father as they are leaving Buna for Gliewitz. The young man sees his father falling behind because he can’t keep up, but the son doesn’t stop to wait. Later that night the father asks Elie Wieselif he has seen his son, Elie Wiesel says no he has not before he remembers that he saw the man leave his dad behind. This shows that it was easy for people to start just considering themselves and ignoring everyone including, their loved ones. The advice certainly would not be easy to fallow. But it does seem like good advice and Elie Wiesel seemed to have fallowed it and it did help him. Elie worried about his father and helped him on the march, in return him and his father worked as a team. Elie’s dad would bring him extra rations when he could and when they worked together elie would try to help his father out with any work he could. The other part of the advice was that they keep their faith. This is helpful because if they gave up and lost faith then they would no longer have a reason to live. They needed to be able to believe that the war would end and they would be free. Elie started to lose his faith in god and he felt there was a

Male and Female Relations in Virginia Woolf’s Essay

Lily is also very much a product of society, yet she has new ideas for the role of women and produces one answer to the problems of gender power. Besides providing these examples of patriarchy, To The Lighthouse examines the tenacity of human relationships in general, producing a novel with twists, turns, problems, and perhaps a solution. Mrs. Ramsey is the perfect, patriarchal woman. She scarcely has an identity of her own. Her life is geared towards men: If he put implicit faith in her, nothing should hurt him; however deep he buried himself or climbed high, not for a second should he find himself without her. So boasting of her capacity to surround and protect, there was scarcely a shell of herself left for her to know herself by. (Woolf, Lighthouse 38). Identity is a strong desire in all humanity, yet in a patriarchal society it has been denied to women. Women who are owned by men are mere possessions, having no control over themselves and no way to develop their own personalities. Mrs. Ramsey needs people about her at all times because she has nothing internalized. She must create herself through other people. She is always bouncing off someone else, preferably a male who has power, yet needs her to keep that power. By gaining acceptance and love form those in power, Mrs. Ramsey creates a shadow of a self. Woolf says, â€Å"Not as oneself did one find rest ever, in her experience. Losing personality, one lost the fret, the furry , the stir† (Lighthouse 63). When alone Mrs. Ramsey must lose her personality because it is a show, a created essence which takes work to maintain. A symbol of this is apparent when Mrs. Ramsey covers the skull in her children’s room. She covers the reality with a veil, much like all men and women cover their true identity in order to play the role patriarchal society has given to them. Mrs. Ramsey even avoids looking at her own face in the mirror. Is it possible that she would not even recognize herself? I think, yes, because she does not have a fixed identity. She does not know who she is or what she really looks like. She must change in every situation, with every different man she is expected to support. Mrs. Ramsey supports these men in her life because that is the only way she can create an identity. Woolf suggests that even this support may be false. Of course it is false, because Mrs. Ramsey has no other choice. She cannot lose herself in her work like a man. Her work is to make men feel superior and this is ingrained in her mind. Of her husband we are told that, â€Å"She was not good enough to tie his shoe strings, she felt† (Woolf, Lighthouse 32). In spite of the power of men, To The Lighthouse suggests that many men feel sterile. Perhaps men are psychologically sterilized by power. Patriarchal men can form no equal relationships with women because they must always defend themselves. They cannot admit an equal into their life for fear of losing power. This could be why Mrs. Ramsey pitied men, â€Å"She pitied men always as if they lacked something. Women never, as if they had something† (Woolf, Lighthouse 85). The sense of sterility in men’s minds may also come form the biological fact that women are the childbearers. Nature has, in defiance of patriarchy, given women the central role in childbearing. At most, men are equals when it comes to having children. It seems as if Mr. Ramsey tries to disprove his sterility by having eight children. The fact remains, men are expendable when it comes to child bearing, and therefore they need to defend against this perpetual encroachment upon their power. The one man who is productive is Mr. Carmichael. It is interesting to note that he does not allow Mrs. Ramsey to support him. He refuses her and seems somewhat scared of perhaps falling back into the trap of patriarchal roles. Woolf tells us that Mr. Carmichael shrinks form Mrs. Ramsey and that, â€Å"she felt him wince. He did not trust her† (Lighthouse 40). Mr. Carmichael is productive because he does shrink away form Mrs. Ramsey and the sterilization that comes with the patriarchal relationships of men and women. Ms. Ramsey’s state of submission leads her to develop her power in other areas. Woolf suggests in fact, â€Å"that all this desire of hers to give, to help, was vanity. For her own self-satisfaction was it that she wished so instinctively to help, to give† (Lighthouse 41). Here Woolf implies that desire to give is a sort of vanity, a vanity that is control. Woolf also points out that, â€Å"Wishing to dominate, wishing to interfere, making people do what she wished. That was the charge against her, and she thought it most unjust† (Lighthouse 57). Of course Mrs. Ramsey should want to dominate in some arena. Men deny her control of her own life, so she reverts to subtle manipulation of others. John Stuart Mill states in The Subjection of Women, â€Å"[Women’s] power often gives her what she has no right to, but does not enable her to assert her own rights† (155). The power that Mrs. Ramsey cultivates is a perverted power created through the repression of their natural tendencies. She has no control over herself and therefore will try to control others, whom she really has no business trying to dominate. Mill also says of feelings: Women are schooled into suppressing them in their most natural and most healthy direction, but the internal principle remains, in a different outward form. An active and energetic mind, if denied liberty, will seek for power: refused the command of itself, it will assert its personality by attempting to control others. (213) When Mrs. Ramsey encourages Paul and Minta to marry, it is uncertain whether the union ever would have come about without her influence. The marriage does not succeed, not in the way Mrs. Ramsey would have envisioned. Her wish to dominate hurts others and herself. Eventually the struggle and lack of identity seem to cause Mrs. Ramsey’s death. She has to deal with all of the motional problems of family and friends, and she also deals with the day to day running of the household. Mills observes of married women, â€Å"she takes not only her fair share, but usually the larger share, of the bodily and mental exertion required by their joint existence† (164). Ramsey does not deal with the trivialities of family life, and goes into a rage at the expenses of running the house. Mrs. Ramsey had given. Giving, g iving, giving, she had died† (Woolf, Lighthouse 149). Mr. Ramsey portrays the evils of patriarchy on men. Women are not the only ones who are hurt. Mills says, â€Å"this power seeks out and evokes the latent germs of selfishness in the remotest corners of [men’s] nature† (153). Mr. Ramsey is extremely selfish. He belittles not only women , but also himself with the idea that he needs someone to praise him in order to be worthy. He is the empowerment one, but can only keep the power through the inferiority of others. Perhaps this need for superiority is also the cause of his raging attitude. Woolf’s description of Professor von X in A Room of One’s Own seems frighteningly accurate for Mr. Ramsey, â€Å"the professor was made to look very angry and ugly in my sketch, as he wrote his great book upon the mental, moral and physical inferiority of women† (Woolf 31). Both the professor and Mr. Ramsey are angry and must, in order to gain power through patriarchy, keep women in their inferior position. Woolf makes this point on power division very apparent in Mr. Ramsey’s worry about how good his books are. He is not satisfied with pleasing himself; he must be better than others to retain power. This power causes his isolation and psychological sterility. Woolf writes that, â€Å"the fatal sterility of the male plunged itself, like a beak of brass, barren and bare. He wanted sympathy† (Lighthouse 37). Woolf shows here one important fallacy inherent in the patriarchal system. It is odd that men believe in the inferiority of women, yet they rely on those inferior women to give them praise and sympathy. However, Mill observes that, â€Å"There is nothing which men so easily learn as this self-worship: all privileged persons, and all privileged classes, have had it† (158). Not only does Mr. Ramsey learn this self-worship, he has followers. Mrs. Ramsey and all women must kneel at his alter. His contemporaries and future intellectuals must admire his work. Even young men, like Charles Tansley, want to model themselves after Mr. Ramsey. Perhaps these young men only see the superior position of the patriarchal man; they certainly do not understand the implications of the sterility and anger that go with power. The many general comments about human relationships in Woolf’s novel point out the frailty and questionable nature of love and friendship in a patriarchal society. Woolf writes, â€Å"How then did it work out, all this? How did one judge people, think of them? How did one add up this and that and conclude that it was liking one felt, or disliking† (Lighthouse 24). Here Woolf highlights the almost ambiguous nature of liking. Any human trait may evoke many different emotions in people. Physical factors, such as distance, may also influence relationships. If a loved one is far away, a person may forget that loved one and let love or liking die a natural death. For Woolf, therefore, human relationships are rather inadequate. They are changing, and Woolf notes, â€Å"self-seeking, at best† (Lighthouse 42). Perhaps if the characters had more stable and defined self-identities, their relationships would be more true, without that self-seeking goal. Lily is also a product of the patriarchal society, yet she struggles to break out of the role assigned to her by men. Why she does this is not clear. She is an artist, and maybe she feels more deeply or sees more clearly than other women. Woolf seems to point out that women artists have difficult time in patriarchal society. In A Room of One’s Own, Woolf asks of women artists, â€Å"who shall measure the heat and violence of the poet’s heart when caught and tangled in a woman’s body? † (50). Lily is also taking care of her father, so probably her mother is dead. Maybe her mother has been dead for a long while, and Lily has had no submissive role model. Perhaps she just sees what this role does to women. Lily loves Mrs. Ramsey and it must hurt her to know Mrs. Ramsey has no self and must cater to men. In any case, Lily thinks often and deeply about the roles of men and women. Not only does Lily notice that Victorian, patriarchal society hurts Mrs. Ramsey, but she also notices that it negatively affects Mr. Ramsey. Lily thinks, â€Å"Could one help noticing that habits grew on him? Eccentricities, weaknesses perhaps? It was astonishing that a man of intellect could stoop as low as he did — but that was too harsh of a phrase — could depend so much as he did upon other people’s praise† (Woolf, Lighthouse 23). In a patriarchal society, the influence of men on women and women on men is a vicious circle. Lily tries to escape this game, yet time and time again she is drawn in, especially when she is around Mrs. Ramsey. Lily lies and is insincere in her attempts to placate the men around her. Lily, however, realizes her deceit and the harm it causes. She resists the male/ female role game and wonders, â€Å"But how would it be †¦ f neither of us did either of these things? † (Woolf, Lighthouse 91). When she is drawn in and lies, Lily only strengthens her resolve to resist this pressure in the future. She realizes the importance of relations and how these narrow, gender roles create false identities Woolf’s narrator underscores the fact that, â€Å"She had d one the usual trick — been nice. She would never know him. He would never know her† (Lighthouse 92). The difference in Lily is that she does have an identity. She does have work in her art. Lily does not need to be around other people because she is someone. She does not need to be externally created; she is real. With her unique identity, Lily is allowed unique ideas on relationships. She sees how men respond to Mrs. Ramsey, that the love men gave was to an idea or ideal, â€Å"love that never attempted to clutch its object; but, like the love which mathematicians bear their symbols, or poets their phrases† (Woolf, Lighthouse 47). Men loved this symbol of patriarchy. Mrs. Ramsey is to the patriarchal man what a symbol is to a mathematician or a phrase is to a poet. She is a symbol to men; men could not love Mrs. Ramsey as an individual because she does not exist. In her art, Lily creates what she herself sees, a representation of life through her own eyes. Lily is struck with the need to move her tree to the center of her painting. Lily thinks, â€Å"she need not marry, thank Heaven: she need not undergo that degradation. She was saved from that dilution. She would move the tree rather more to the middle: (Woolf, Lighthouse 102). Lily will not â€Å"dilute† herself by joining with a man. Lily decides to be autonomous, as Woolf tells us that, â€Å"she would move the tree to the middle, and need never marry anybody, and she had felt an enormous exultation† (Lighthouse 176). Moving the tree symbolizes the oneness of Lily. She is not going to be united with a man. She is going to keep her identity and fix it in the middle of her painting, her representation of life. Still, Lily feels the urge to comfort Mr. Ramsey after Mrs. Ramsey had died. She decides to give him what she can because, as a woman, she fees guilt about causing his need. In order for patriarchy to perpetuate, women have been brainwashed and inundated with the belief that they re placed on earth to support men. If a woman ever tries to rebel against patriarchy, the guilt is inevitable. Lily thinks of Mr. Ramsey’s pleas for sympathy, † A woman, she had provoked this horror; a woman, she should have known how to deal with it† (Woolf, Lighthouse 152). But Lily, in her strength, overcomes the guilt and refuses to play the game f patriarchy, and Mr. Ramsey cannot play the game alone. Lily and Mr. Ramsey’s relationship may be uncomfortable, but it certainly is an improvement for male/female relationships. Lily notes that she has, â€Å"reduced their relationship to something neutral, without that element of sex in it which made his manner to Minta so gallant, almost gay† (Woolf, Lighthouse 170). Perhaps the discomfort is caused by the breaking of tradition, the lace of power on Mr. Ramsey’s part and the empowerment of Lily. After denying Mr. Ramsey comfort, when he is sailing to the lighthouse, Lily thinks, â€Å"Whatever she had wanted to give him, when he left her that morning, she had given him at last† (Woolf, Lighthouse). Lily has given Mr. Ramsey the freedom from patriarchy. She did not let him fall into the trap of making a woman praise him. Without that false worship, Mr. Ramsey will be forced to develop his identity based on reality, and Lily and all women will be forced to develop an identity separated from men. With these thoughts, Lily is able to secure her own identity by drawing a line in the center of her painting, and secure her own identity by drawing a line in the center of her painting and secure her personality in life. To The Lighthouse offers this look at human relationships with a promise of bettering those relations through change. Even today there are strong remnants of patriarchy dominating society. Men consistently climb higher in management and receive higher pay for equal jobs. This novel shows both men and women suffering and struggling with societal roles.

Great Swindles of the 19th Century